Adamantina, Adolfo, Aguai, Aguas da prata, Aguas de Lindoia,
Aguas de Santa Barbara, Aguas de Sao Pedro, Agudos, Alambari,
Alfredo Marcondes, Altair, Altinopolis, Alto Alegre, Aluminio,
Alvares Florençe, Florence, Alvares Machado, Alvares
de Carvalho, Alvilandia, Americana, Americo Brasiliense,
Americo de Campos, Amparo, Analandia, Andradina, Angatuba,
Anhembi, Anhumas, Aparecida, Aparecida Doeste, Apiai,
Aracariguama, Araçariguama, Araçatuba, Aracatuba,
Aracoiaba da Serra, Araçoiaba da Serra, Aramina,
Arandu, Arapei, Araraquara, Araras, Arco-Iris, Arealva,
Areias, Areiopolis, Ariranha, Aruja, Aspasia, Assis, Atibaia,
Auriflama, Avai, Avanhandava, Avare, Bady Bassitt, Balbinos,
Balsamo, Bananal, Barao de Antonina, Barbosa, Bariri,
Barra Bonita, Barra do Chapeu, Barra do Turvo, Barretos,
Barrinha, Barueri, Bastos, Batatais, Bauru, Bebedouro,
Bento de Abreu, Bernardino de Campos, Bertioga, Bilac,
Birigui, Biritiba, Boa esperança do Sul, Bocaina,
Boçaina, Bofete, Boituva, Bom Jesus dos Perdoes,
Bom Sucesso de Itarare, Bora, Boraceia, Borborema, Borebi,
Butucatu, Bragança Paulista, Brauna, Brejo Alegre,
Brodowski, Brotas, Buri, Buritama, Buritizal, Cabralia
Paulista, Cabreuva, Caçapava, Cacapava, Cachoeira
Paulista, Caconde, Caçonde, Cafelandia, Caiabu,
Caieiras, Caiua, Cajamar, Cajati, Cajobi, Cajuru, Campinas
do Monte Alegre, Campinas, Campo Limpo Paulista, Campos
Novos Paulista, Cananeia, Canas, Candido Mota, Candido
Rodrigues, Canitar, Capao Bonito, Capelao do Alto, Capivari,
Caraguatatuba, Carapicuiba, Cardoso, Casa Branca, Cassia
dos Coqueiros, Castilho, Catanduva, Catingua, Cedral,
Cerqueira Cesar, Cerquilho, Cesario Lange, Charqueada,
Chavantes, Clementina, Colina, Colombia, Conchal, Conchas,
cordeiropolis, Coroados, Coronel Macedo, Corumbatai, Cosmopolis,
Cosmorama, Cotia, Cravinhos, Cristais Paulistas, Cruzalia,
Cruzeiro, Cubatao, Cunha, Descalvado, Diadema, Dirce Reis,
Divinolandia, Dobrada, 2 Dois Corregos, Dolcinopolis,
Dourado, Dracena, Duartina, Dumont, Echapora, Eldorado,
Elias Fausto, Elisário, Embauba, Embu, Embu-Guaçu,
Emilianopolis, Engenheiro Coelho, Espirito Santo do Pinhal,
Espirito Santo do Turvo, Estiva Gerbi, Estrela Doeste,
Estrela do Norte, Euclides da Cunha Paulista, Fartura,
Fernando Prestes, Fernandopolis, Fernao, Ferraz de Vasconcelos,
Flora Rica, Floreal, Florida Paulista, Florinia, França,
Francisco Morato, Francisco da Rocha, Gabriel Monteiro,
Galia, Garça, Garca, Gastao Vidigal, Gaviao Peixoto,
General Salgado, Getulina, Glicerio, Guaiaçara,
Guaimbe, Guaira, Guapiaçu, Guapiacu, Guapiara,
Guara, Guaraçai, Guaracai, Guaraci, Guarani Doeste,
Guaranta, Guararapes, Guararema, Guaratingueta, Guarei,
Guariba, Guaruja, Guarulhos, Guatapara, Guzolandia, Herculandia,
Holambra, Hortolandia, Iaçanga, Iacanga, Iacri,
Iaras, Ibate, Ibira, Ibirarema, Ibitinga, Ibiuna, Icem,
Iepe, Iguaraçu, Iguaracu do Tiete, Igarapava, Igarata,
Iguape, Ilha Comprida, Ilha Solteira, IlhaBela, Indaiatuba,
Indiana, Indiapora, Inubia Paulista, Ipaussu, Ipero, Ipeuna,
Ipigua, Iporanga, Ipua, Iracemapolis, Irapua, Irapuru,
Itabera, Itai, Itajobi, Itaju, Itaoca, Itapecerica, Itapeceriça
da Serra, Itapetininga, Itapeva, Itapevi, Itapira, Itapirapua
Paulista, Itapolis, Itaporanga, Itapui, Itapura, Itaquaquecetuba,
Itarare, Itariri, Itatiba, Itatinga, Itarapina, Itarapua,
Itobi, Itu, Itupeva, Ituverava, Jaborandi, Jaboticabal,
Jacarei, Jaçarei, Jaci, Jacupiranga, Jaçupiranga,
Jaguariuna, Jales, Jambeiro, Jandira, Jardinopolis, Jarinu,
Jau, Jeriquara, Joanopolis, Joao Ramalho, Jose Bonifacio,
Julio Mesquita, Jumirim, Jundiai, Junqueiropolis, Juquia,
Juquitiba, Lagoinha, Laranjal Paulista, Lavinia, Lavrinhas,
Leme, Lençois Paulista, Lençol, Limeira,
Lindoia, Lins, Lorena, Lourdes, Louveira, Lucelia, Lucianopolis,
Luis Antonio, Luiziania, Lupercio, Lutecia, Maçatuba,
Macatuba, Macaubal, Maçaubal, Macedonia, Magda,
Mairinque, Mairipora, Manduri, Maraba Paulista, Maracai,
Maraçai, Marapoama, Mariapolis, Marilia, Marinopolis,
Martinopolis, Matao, Maua, Mendonça, Meridiano,
Mesopolis, Miguelopolis, Mineiro do Tiete, Mira Estrela,
Miracatu, Miraçatu, Mirandopolis, Mirante do Paranapanema,
Mirassol, Mirassolandia, Moçoca, Mococa, Moji das
Cruzes, Moji-Guaçu, Guacu, Moji- Mirim, Mombuca,
Mombuça, Moncoes, Monçoes, Monte Alegre
do Sul, Monte Alto, Monte Aprazivel, Monte Azul Paulista,
Monte Castelo, Monte Mor, Monteiro Lobato, Morro Agudo,
Morumgaba, Motuca, Motuça, Murutinga do Sul, Nantes,
Narandiba, Natividade da Serra, Nazare Paulista, Neves
Paulista, Nhandeara, Nipoa, Nova Aliaça, Nova Campina,
Nova Canaa Paulista, Nova Castilho, Nova Europa, Nova
Granada, Nova Guataporanga, Nova Independencia, Nova Luzitania,
Nova Odessa, Novais, Novo Horizonte, Nuporanga, Ocauçu,
Oçauçu, oçaucu, Ocaucu, Oleo, Olimpia,
Onde Verde, Oriente, Orindiuva, Orlandia, Osasco, Oscar
Bressane, Oswaldo Cruz, Ourinhos, Ouro Verde, Ouroeste,
Pacaembu, Palestina, Palmares Paulista, Palmares Doeste,
Palmital, Panorama, Paraguaçu Paulista, Paraibuna,
Paraiso, Paranapanema, Paranapua, Parapua, Pardinho, Pariquera-Açu,
Parisi, Patrocinio Paulista, Pauliceia, Paulinia, Paulistania,
Paulo de Faria, Pederneiras, Pedra Bela, Pedranopolis,
Pedregulho, Pedreira, Pedrinhas Paulista, Pedro de Toledo,
Penapolis, Pereira Barreto, Pereiras, Picatu, Piaçatu,
Piedade, Pilar do Sul, Pindamonhangaba, Pindorama, Pinhalzinho,
Piquerobi, Piquete, Piracaia, Piraçaia, Piracicaba,
Piraju, Pirajui, Pirangi, Pirapora do Bom Jesus, Pirapozinho,
Pirassununga, Piratininga, Pitangueiras, Planalto, Platina,
Poa, Poloni, Pompeia, Pongai, Pontal, Pontalinda, Pontes
Gestal, Populina, Porangaba, Porto Feliz, Porto Ferreira,
Potim, Potirendaba, Pracinha, Pradopolis, Pratania, Presidente
Alves, Presidente Bernardes, Presidente Epitacio, Presidente
Prudente, Presidente Venceslau, Promissao, Quadra, quata,
Queiroz, Queluz, Quintana, Rafard, Rancharia, Redenção
da Serra, Regente Feijo, Reginopolis, Registro, Restinga,
Ribeira, Ribeirao Bonito, Ribeirao Branco, Ribeirao Corrente,
Ribeirao do Sul, Ribeirao dos Indios, Ribeirao Grande,
Ribeirao Pires, Ribeirao Preto, Rifaina, Rincao, Rinçao,
Rinopolis, Rio Claro, Rio das Pedras, Rio Grande da Serra,
Riolandia, Riversul, Rosana, Roseira, Rubiacea, Rubineia,
Sabino, Sagres, Sales, Sales Oliveira, Salesopolis, Salmourao,
Saltinho, Salto, Salto de Pirapora, Salto Grande, Sandovalina,
Santa Adelia, Santa Albertina, Santa Barbara Do Oeste,
Santa Branca, Santa Clara do Oeste, Santa Cruz da Conceiçao,
Santa Cruz da Esperança, Santa Cruz das Palmeiras,
Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, Santa Ernestina, Santa fe do
Sul, Santa Gertrudes, Santa Isabel, Santa Lucia, Santa
Maria da Serra, Santa Mercedes, Santa Rita D Oeste, Santa
Rita do Passa Quatro, Santa Rosa de Viterbo, Santa Salete,
Santana da Ponte Pensa, Santana de Parnaiba, Santo Anastacio,
Santo Andre, Santo Antonio da Alegria, Santo Antonio de
Posse, Santo Antonio do Araçangua, Aracangua, Santo
Antonio do Jardim, Santo Expedito, Santopolis do Aguapei,
Santos, Sao Bento do Sapucai, São Bernardo do Campo,
Sao Caetano do Sul, Sao Carlos, Sao Francisco, Sao Joao
da Boa Vista, Sao Joao das 2 Duas Pontes, Sao Joao de
Iracema, Sao Joao do Pau Dalho, Sao Joaquim da Barra,
Sao Jose da Bela Vista, Sao Jose do Barreiro, Sao Jose
do Rio Pardo, São Jose do Rio preto, Sao Lourenço
da Serra, Sao Manuel, Sao Miguel Arcanjo, Sao Pedro, Sao
Pedro do Turvo, Sao Roque, São Sebastiao, Sao Sebastiao
da Grama, Sao Simão, Sao Vicente, Sarapui, Sarutaia,
Sebastianopolis do Sul, Serra Azul, Serra Negra, Serrana,
Sertaozinho, Sete Barras, Severinia, Silveiras, Socorro,
Sorocaba, Sud Menucci, Sumare, Suzanapolis, Suzano, Tabapua,
Tabatinga, Taboao da Serra, Taciba, Taguai, Taiacu, Taiaçu,
Taiuva, Tambau, Tanabi, Tapirai, Tapiratiba, Taquaral,
Taquaritinga, Taquarituba, Taquarivai, Tarabai, Taruma,
Tatui, Tejupa, Teodoro Sampaio, Terra Roxa, Tiete, Timburi,
Torre de Pedra, Torrinha, Trabiju, 3 Tres Fronteiras,
Tuiuti, Tupa, Tupi Paulista, Turiuba, Turmalina, Ubarana,
Ubirajara, Uchoa, Uniao Paulista, Urania, Uru, Urupes,
Valentim Gentil, Valinhos, Valparaiso, Vargem, Vargem
Grande do Sul, Vargem Grande Paulista, Varzea Paulista,
Vera Cruz, Vinhedo, Viradouro, Vista Alegre do Alto, Vitoria
Brasil, Vitorantim, Votuporanga, Zacarias.
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Brazil Real Estate brazil
Guide to locating & purchasing real estate in Brazil.
São Paulo, Brazil
São Paulo (state)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Brazil_São_Paulo.png
São Paulo is a state in Brazil. Its population
as of 2003 is approximately 38 million. São Paulo
is the major industrial and economic powerhouse of the
Brazilian economy.
São Paulo (city)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Sao Paulo and São Paulo redirect here. This article
is about the largest city of Brazil. For other meanings,
see São Paulo (disambiguation).
Downtown São Paulo, showing the landmark buildings
Italia (at left) and Copan (curved façade at center).
Downtown São Paulo, showing the landmark buildings
Italia (at left) and Copan (curved façade at center).
São Paulo (meaning St. Paul in Portuguese) is
the capital of São Paulo state in southeastern
Brazil. It is located 250 miles (400 km) from Rio de Janeiro,
and 640 miles (1030 km) from Brasília.
The city proper has 575 sq mi of area and had a population
of 10.9 million in 2003 (according to CityMayors), making
it the largest city in Brazil by far and the world’s
second largest city in terms of population. (http://www.citymayors.com/features/largest_cities1.html)
About 20 million people live in the Greater São
Paulo metropolitan area, which is currently ranked as
the fifth-largest in the world and the largest in the
Southern Hemisphere.
Contents
1 Highlights
2 Economics
3 Politics
4 Culture
5 History
6 Transportation
7 Ethnic Diversity
8 Current Critical Problems
9 Major Holidays
10 External links
10.1 Photographs
Highlights
São Paulo is the most important business center
of Brazil. As the default location for music concerts,
plays, film festivals, fashion shows, and international
sports events, São Paulo disputes with Rio de Janeiro
the title of Brazil's capital of culture and sports. However,
unlike the well-known Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo
is not a popular destination for tourists, since its attractions
are mostly hidden under a dense, chaotic urban scenery.
The city has a multicultural metropolitan area, which
some have compared to New York, with heavy Portuguese,
Italian, Arabian and Japanese influences. It is the city
with the largest number of Japanese people outside Japan.
São Paulo is known for its varied and sophisticated
gastronomy, ranging from Chinese to French, from fast
food chains to five star restaurants. Its night life is
animated by thousands of bars, pubs, lounges, and discos,
that cater for a variety of music tastes and are often
open all night.
São Paulo is home to the largest university in
Brazil (University of São Paulo), to a major art
museum (MASP), a major symphonic orchestra (OSESP), a
Formula One Grand Prix race track (Interlagos), and the
world's largest private-owned sports stadium (Morumbi,
site of the São Paulo soccer team).
There are two major airports in the São Paulo
metropolitan area: Guarulhos (GRU, for domestic and international
flights) and Congonhas (CGH, for domestic flights only).
São Paulo's birthday is January 25, and is a major
holiday date in the city.
Economics
São Paulo is the financial and industrial center
of the country. Many national and multi-national corporations,
including the largest private banks, have their headquarters
in the city or in its metropolitan area. For instance,
the city is known to have more German companies than any
other single city outside Germany.
São Paulo's stock exchange is the Bovespa, while
its futures exchange is the BM&F. Its financial districts
are located on the surroundings of Avenida Paulista and
in the Centro Velho. Other important business districts
are located near the aforementioned places plus Avenida
Berrini, Itaim Bibi, Vila Olímpia and Chácara
Santo Antônio.
There is also a number of highly specialized districts,
like Bom Retiro and Brás (wholesale garment districts),
Consolação (lighting equipment), Rua Santa
Ifigênia (electrical and electronic parts), Rua
Teodoro Sampaio (furniture and musical equipment) and
the most croweded district located at Rua Vinte e Cinco
de Março where you can find practicaly everything,
to name a few. Media and communications industries are
also concentrated in São Paulo, which is house
to a large number of advertising and broadcasting companies.
Like many big cities in developing countries, a large
percentage of São Paulo's population lives below
the poverty line. The city is surrounded and permeated
by extensive shantytowns (favelas and cortiços).
Politics
Because of its economic and demographic weight, São
Paulo has always played a pivotal role in Brazilian politics.
With a constituency larger than that of many Brazilian
states, the Mayor's office is viewed by politicians as
a springboard for state- and national-level offices.
São Paulo's current mayor is Marta Suplicy from
Workers' Party (PT). She will be at the office until December
31st, 2004. As of 01/01/2005 to 2008, São Paulo's
mayor is going to be José Serra from Brazilian
Social Democracy Party (PSDB), who was elected on October
31st in a runoff voting.
Some of the last São Paulo mayors were:
Marta Suplici 2000 2004 (PT)
Celso Pitta 1997 2000 (PPB)
Paulo Maluf 1993 1996 (PPB)
Luiza Erundina 1989 1992 (PT)
Jânio Quadros 1985 1988 (PTB)
A simulated-color satellite image of the Greater São
Paulo metropolitan area (center), and the coastal towns
of Santos and São Vicente (below).
Enlarge
A simulated-color satellite image of the Greater São
Paulo metropolitan area (center), and the coastal towns
of Santos and São Vicente (below).
Culture
* Bienal de São Paulo
The theme of the 26th Bienal de São Paulo was
chosen to enable a wide range of artistic positions to
feel comfortable. The concept of “Território
Livre” (Free territory) involves various dimensions:
it has a physical-geographical, a socio-political as well
as an aesthetic dimension – the latter, of course,
being of greatest interest to us in the context of this
exhibition.
The territory of aesthetics begins where the normal world
ends. It describes the space in which reality and imagination
are in conflict with each another. Artists are the border
guards of a realm that lies beyond the administered world,
where politics and economics have no more jurisdiction
over interpretation. While the whole world is constantly
arguing about what belongs to whom, art clarifies the
ownership issue in its own way: in the realm of aesthetics
everything belongs to everyone.
What interests us in the context of the Bienal is how
the devastations of the real world and interpersonal relations
are reflected in art. Since works of art are more than
bare facts, an artistic condensing of phenomena of reality
will always be more ambiguous and more complex than simple
reporting. This rule even applies if the artist uses photography
and video, i.e., two media regarded as being very close
to reality. Although artists are embedded into conflicts,
they do not copy the world, but create free spaces within
reality. With the help of metaphors and symbols they transform
the earthly raw material into a new condition that can
be experienced by the senses. The work of art reveals
the other; it is allegory. Art exists outside of causality
and must not be imprisoned in the iron casing of mundane
constraints.
Artists create a power-free zone, a world that runs contrary
to the existing world: a land of emptiness, of silence
and respite, where the frenzy that surrounds us is brought
to a standstill for a moment. But it is also a land of
enigmas, where the flood of images surging in on us from
the breeding grounds of kitsch are encrypted. By breaking
through the barriers of the material world, the artist
becomes a smuggler of images between cultures.
55 countries from all continents have accepted our invitation
to bring the best and most relevant of their present production
to São Paulo. Most artists have created new work
after preliminary visits to gain onsite knowledge concerning
the building and the city. There is a spatial interaction
between the 55 artists of the “national representations”
and the 80 artists invited directly by the Bienal. With
a total of 135 artists, the Bienal de São Paulo
remains one of the biggest international exhibitions.
The 25th Bienal turned out to be the most highly attended
exhibition of contemporary art in the world in 2002 with
670,000 visitors. This year there will again be a major,
systematic program of guided tours to introduce contemporary
art to a whole generation of pupils and students, including
many from the poorer suburbs of São Paulo.
In order to emphasize the thematic unity of the overall
exhibition, the invited artists and those representing
the countries are mixed together on the 25,000 square
meters of the spacious Oscar Niemeyer Pavilion. So, despite
the complexity of individual voices, the end result will
be a common concert.
As always, the biggest contingent of artists comes from
Brazil: like all the countries it has an artist in the
“national representations” segment, while
another 19 Brazilians were integrated into the list of
80 invited artists from all over the world. The regions
São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and the rest of the country
are equally represented, each providing one-third of the
invited Brazilian artists.
In addition to an intensification of the North-South
dialog, the Bienal´s aims include the promoting
of links between non-European cultures along a South-South
orientation.
It is predestined for this task, being based in one of
the largest and most pluricultural cities in the world,
where European, African, indigenous and Asian elements
mix and enter into productive relationships.
The Bienal Building itself – a cosmopolitan icon
of modern architecture made of concrete, steel and glass
that also embodies the city’s industrial heritage
– automatically places each work of art into a context
of modernity and offers perfect conditions for presenting
and appreciating contemporary art over an area measuring
the equivalent of four soccer pitches.Its airy vault and
its projecting ramp that cuts, baroque-like, through all
three floors in irresistible spirals make it a privileged
venue.
Special attention was therefore devoted to the allocation
of space. Conceptual, aesthetic and technical criteria
were taken into account. The point of departure was the
architecture of the building itself, which suggests a
spatial grouping of media. The spacious ground floor,
with a ceiling height of over seven meters and panoramic
view of Ibirapuera Park, is particularly suitable for
a sculpture park with large, free-standing three-dimensional
works. The first half of the second floor offers ideal
conditions for a salon of painting, thanks to the favorable
light that comes in from the east and west and, diffusely,
from above and below. The second, darker half of this
middle floor is perfect for a “multiplex”
of video installations, a planetarium in which viewers
can lose themselves, undisturbed, in the cosmos of digitally
generated pictures.
This arrangement not only helps the visitors to keep
their bearings, but also makes it easier to reach a critical
mass within each medium. Various gravitational centers
with their respective specific aesthetic “temperatures”
thus develop in the building. Crescendi and diminuendi
alternate abruptly.
Photography, which allows cross-references to painting,
sculpture and video, forms a central connecting link between
the other three techniques and runs like a thread through
the entire exhibition. The Bienal as an extraterritorial
zone
There has never been a lack of attempts to create free
territories in Brazil. We simply have to remind ourselves
of the founding of Brasília, and before that, a
good fifty years ago, of the Bienal de São Paulo.
Both are natural allies, as they were created by the same
enlightened spirit, and share the call to change. Each
was conceived as a quarry of new images, and together
they have smoothed the country’s path towards modernity.
The Bienal de São Paulo is an extraterritorial
zone where artists erect their utopian settlements. It
is a sanctuary where the streams of goods run dry and
political strategies are to no avail. The Bienal sees
itself as a place for retreat where critical mass and
positive energy can be concentrated and combined to create
basic formulas for transforming society and conjuring
up premonitions of future forms of human social life.
Each generation of artists is called upon to make a new
survey of this no-man’s-land and to draft its contours.
The arts are unique in that they possess a universal
reservoir of signs and archetypes which, through exchange,
mobilize the collective memory of mankind. If the artist
is an image smuggler, therefore, the Bienal can act as
an emporium in the realm of aesthetics, where curiosity
and the desire to discover suffice as a passport, and
an alert mind serves as the entrance ticket to a place
where priceless goods are traded yet no customs duties
are levied.
History
The city was founded on January 25, 1554, by Portuguese
Jesuit missionaries José de Anchieta and Manoel
da Nóbrega, who established a mission — the
Colégio de São Paulo de Piratininga —
to convert the Tupi-Guarani indians. Located just beyond
the Serra do Mar cliffs overlooking the port city of Santos,
and close to the Tietê River, the new settlement
became the natural entrance to the vast and fertile plateau
that would eventually become the State of São Paulo.
São Paulo became officially a city in 1711. It
experienced a boom during coffee cycle, starting in the
late 19th century — chiefly because of its privileged
position next to the port of Santos, through which most
of the country's exports were shipped.
After 1881, waves of immigrants from Italy, Japan and
other countries arrived in São Paulo, at first
to work on the enormous coffee plantations established
in the State. In the 20th century, with the industrial
development of the country, many of them moved to the
capital; which also attracted new contingents of immigrants,
including Lebanese, Armenians, Greek, Jews, Chinese, Koreans
and Lithuanians.
Transportation
The city is crossed by many of the most important expressways
of the country, like the BR-116, SP-330, Castelo Branco
and Imigrantes. Some railways also cross the city. They
are, however, very old and were constructed intending
not to attend people, but to transport coffee to Santos's
seaport. Santos continue to have Brazil's busiest seaport
thanks to São Paulo's needings (exportation and
importation of industrializated goods).
São Paulo has two airports. Congonhas Airport
operates domestic and regional flights (mainly Rio de
Janeiro, Belo Horizonte and Brasília. Campo de
Marte handles some private and small airplanes. Both are
very busy airports. Guarulhos International Airport, located
25 km from the city operates domestic and international
flights to the city, in the neighbooring city of Guarulhos.
The city has aproximately 60 km of subway (metro) system,
complemented by another 60 km of CPMT trams (railways).
They are not sufficient to attend the city in a efficient
manner.
São Paulo grew quickly during the 1940s to the
1980s and many roads and buildings were quickly constructed
without major planning. As a result, heavy traffic is
common in the arterial avenues of the city, and traffic
jams are relatively common in the arterial highways (mainly
during floods). The main mean of commuting the city is
the car and the bus.
Ethnic Diversity
São Paulo has a great ethnic diversity that can
compare to New York or Toronto:
* 3 million people are direct or indirect descendants
of Portuguese.
* 3 million people are direct or indirect descendants
of Italians. There is a building named Edifício
Itália (Italy Building), in honor to the Italians.
It was once the tallest building of the city (165m).
* 3 million people have direct or indirect African heritage.
* 1 million people are direct or indirect descendants
of Japanese. São Paulo has the largest number of
Japanese outside Japan.
* 1 million people are direct or indirect descendants
of Germans.
* 350 thousand people are direct or indirect descendants
of Lebanese.
Other considerable groups are:
* Armenians
* Bolivians
* Chinese
* Jews
* Lithuanians
* Koreans
* Spanish
Current Critical Problems
Since the beggining of the XX century, São Paulo
has been the major economic city of Brazil. With the advent
of the two Great Wars and the Great Depression, exportation
of coffee to the US and Europe was critically affected,
which led the rich coffee farmers to invest in industrialization
in the city. This attracted many people from other regions
of the country, especially 'nordestinos' (name given to
the people who lives in the poor Brazilian Northeast).
From a 32,000 habitants in 1880, São Paulo had
aproximately 250,000 in 1900, 1,800,000 in 1940, 4,750,000
in 1960 and 8,500,000 in 1980. The effects of this in
the city:
* São Paulo grew quickly and in a very disorganized
manner. With no proper organization, the city grew without
leaving much space for highways and parks. Until now,
big traffic jams are relatively common in many roadways
of the city.
* A very common scene (that can still be seen today) is
of 'nordestinos' arriving in packed buses, in the Bus
Terminal of the city, in the search of a better life (ironically,
it is also common nowadays to see these same buses to
carry 'nordestinos' back to their homeland). Many of these
people don't find a job, many of them do not have any
kind of education (most are illiterate), and most, when
realizing that their dream of a better life is over, don't
have the money to go back, and stay in the city. Many
go to 'favelas' (very poor communities in the suburbs
of the city), and others live in the streets (as homeless).
Aproximately 1,500,000 people now live in favelas.
* Crime increased, and kidnappings and robbery are relatively
common in the city. Many hate crimes were committed by
people who discriminate against 'nordestinos' (who are
commonlly associated with the high criminality in the
city).
* Floods are common nowadays in São Paulo. This
is due to the fact that the city grew in so unorganized
a way that the ground where the city lies was made impermeable.
Rainwater does not have anywhere to go (other than the
small rivers that crosses the city) and water accumulates
quickly.
* São Paulo is the Brazilian London. Polution is
high in the air and the Tiête River, which crosses
the river, is critically polluted (like the Thames was
in London).
* The city has so many high-rise buildings that the city
is sometimes called 'Selva de Pedra' (Stone Forest). Although
the city has lots of parks spread over the city, the per
capita green area of São Paulo is very small. This
fact, together with the high criminality, led to a reclusion
in the lives of many people in the city. Condos equipped
with cameras and homes and apartments with windows equipped
with bars are standard in the city and Shopping Centers
are the main entertainment to middle-class people (which
are afraid to go to open areas or any other that they
may think that is not safe enough for them).
Major Holidays
* January 1 - New Year
* January 25 - São Paulo's birthday
* Between January and March - Carnival (it is a Brazil's
national holiday, and it is not regular. It is always
during the two days following a weekend, and the holiday
finishes itself at 11:59 am in in the 3rd day (a Wednesday,
Quarta-Feira de Cinzas)
* In the beginning of April - Páscoa (Easter)
* April 22 - Brazil's Discovery Day
* May 1 - Labor's Day
* 1st Sunday of May - Mother's Day
* June - Festa Junina
* July 9 - Constitutional Revolution of 1932
* 1st Sunday of August - Father's Day
* October 12 - Children's Day / Nossa Senhora Aparecida
(Appeared Our Lady's Day)
* November 2 - All Souls Day
* November 15 - Republic's Day
* December 24 - Christmas Eve
* December 25 - Christmas
* December 31 - Last day of the year
External links
* São Paulo City Hall website
* São Paulo city official tourism site
Photographs
* Virtual postcards (requires to locate and click on
the option entitled "postcards")
* Brazil Skyscrapers - Many Photos of São Paulo
and its skyscrapers
* A very complete photo album
In other languages
* Dansk
* Deutsch
* Español
* Esperanto
* Français
* Galego
* Italiano
* Nederlands
* ???
* Português
* Suomi
* Svenska
* ??
Contents
1 General Aspects
2 Government and Politics
3 Governor
4 Federal Senators
5 Flag
6 External links
General Aspects
* Geography: São Paulo State has an area of approximately
248,800 sq. km.
* Population: approximately 38 million.
* Economy: São Paulo state is responsible for approximately
one-third of Brazilian GNP. Its economy is based in machinery,
automobile and aviation industry, textiles, orange, soil,
sugar cane and coffee production.
Government and Politics
The governor is Geraldo Alckmin (PSDB), elected for the
period 2003-2006.
Like other parts of Brazil, São Paulo politics
is controled by the Workers' Party (PT) and the Party
of the Brazilian Social Democracy (PSDB). Both parties
have their origins in this state.
Principal characters of the local politics are José
Serra (PSDB), Geraldo Alckmin (PSDB), José Genoino
(PT), José Anibal (PSDB), Antônio Palocci
(PT), Eduardo Suplicy (PT), Aloísio Mercadante
(PT), Marta Suplicy (PT), Romeu Tuma (Party of the Liberal
Front), Paulo Maluf (PP). The last one is a pitoresque
fenomenous in the state. Known by said irregularities
when São Paulo City's major and São Paulo's
governor, he is still voted by some part of the population.
The two last Brazilian presidents, Fernando Henrique
(PSDB) and Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (PT), live
in São Paulo state. The first lives in São
Paulo city, the second one, not far away, in the city
of São Bernardo do Campo.
Governor
* Geraldo Alckmin (PSDB)
Federal Senators
* Aloizio Mercadante (PT)
* Eduardo Suplicy (PT)
* Romeu Tuma (PFL)
Main cities are São Paulo (capital), Campinas,
Santos, Osasco, São José dos Campos and
Ribeirão Preto. Other cities include: Araraquara,
Araçatuba, Barretos, Bauru, Franca, Jacareí,
Jundiaí, Marília, Piracicaba, Presidente
Prudente, São Carlos, São José do
Rio Preto and Sorocaba.
Flag
Flag of São Paulo
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