RS - Rio Grande do Sul: Acegua Agua Santa Agudo Ajuricaba Alecrim Alegrete Alegria Almirante Tamandare do Sul Alpestre Alto Alegre Alto Feliz Alvorada Amaral Ferrador Ametista do Sul Andre da Rocha Anta Gorda Antonio Prado Arambare Ararica Aratiba Arroio do Meio Arroio do Padre Arroio do Sal Arroio do Tigre Arroio dos Ratos Arroio Grande Arvorezinha Augusto Pestana Aurea Bage Balneário Pinhal Barao Barao de Cotegipe Barao do Triunfo Barra do Guaripa Barra do Quarai Barra do Ribeiro Barra do Rio Azul Barra Funda Barracao Barros Cassal Benjamin Constant do Sul Bento Gonçalves Boa Vista das Missoes Boa Vista do Buriça Burica Boa Vista do Cadeado Boa Vista do Incra Boa Vista do Sul Bom Jesus Bom Principio Bom Progresso Bom Retiro do Sul Boqueirao do Leao Bossoroca Bossoroça Bozano Braga Brochier Butia Caçapava do Sul Cacequi Cachoeira do Sul Cachoeirinha Cacique Doble Caibate Caiçara Camaqua Camargo Cambara do Sul Campestre da Serra Campina das Missoes Campinas do Sul Campo Bom Campo Novo Campo Borges Candelaria Codigo Candido Godoi Candiota Canela Cangucu Canguçu Canoas Canudos do Vale Capao Bonito do sul Capao da canoa Hotel Tropical Capao do Cipo Capao do Leao Capela de Santana Capitao Capivari do Sul Caraa Carazinho Carlos Barbosa Carlos Gomes Casca Casça Caseiros Catuipe Caxias do Sul Centenário Cerrito Cerro Branco Cerro Grande Cerro Grande do Sul Cerro Largo Chapada Charqueadas Charrua Chiapeta Chui Chuvisca Cidreira Ciriaco Ciriaço Colinas Colorado Condor Constantina Coqueiro Baixo Coqueiro do Sul Coronel Barros Coronel Bicaço Biçaço Biçaco Coronel Pilar Pillar Patricia Cotipora Coxilha Crissiumal Crissiuma Cristal Cristal do Sul Cruz Alta Cruzaltense Cruzeiro do Sul David Canabarro Derrubadas Dezesseis de Novembro Dilermado de Aguiar Dois Irmãos 2 Dois Irmaos das Missoes Dois Lajeados Dom Feliciano Dom Pedrito Dom Pedro de Alcantra Dona Francisca Dr Doutor Mauricio Cardoso Doutor Ricardo Eldorado do Sul Encantado Encruzilhada do Sul Engenheiro Velho Engenho Entre rios do Sul entre-Ijuis Erebango Erechim Ernestina Erval Grande Erval Seco Esmeralda Esperança do sul Espumoso Estação Estancia Velha Esteio Estrela Estrela Velha Eugenio de Castro Facundes Varela Farroupilha Faxinal do Soturno Nilton Lins Faxinalzinho Fazenda Vilanova Feliz Flores da Cunha Floriano Peixoto Fontoura Xavier Formigueiro Forquetinha Fortaleza dos Valos Frederico Westphalen Garibaldi Garruchos Gaurama General Camara Gentil Getulio Vargas Girua Glorinha Gramado Gramdo dos Loureiros Gramado Xavier Gravatai Guabiju Guaiba Guapore Guarani das Missoes Harmonia Herval Herveiras Horizontina Hulha Negra Humaita ibarama Ibiaca Ibiaça Ibiraiaras Ibirapuita Ibiruba Igrejinha Ijui Ilopolis Imbe Imigrante Independencia Inhacora Inhaçora Ipe Ipiranga do Sul Irai Itaara Itacurubi Itaçurubi Itapoaca itapoaça itaqui Itati Itatiba do Sul Ivora Ivoti Jaboticaba Jacuizinho Jaçuizinho Jacutinga Jaçutinga Jaguarao Jaguari jaquirana Jari Joia Julio de Castilhos Lagoa Bonita do Sul Lagoa dos 3 1 2 Cantos Lagoa Vermelha Lagoao Lajeado Lajeado do Bugre Lavras do Sul Liberato Salzano Lindolfo Collor Linha Nova Macambara Maçambara Machadinho Mampituba Manoel Viana Maquine Marata Marau Marcelino Ramos Mariana Pimentel Mariano Morro Marques de Sousa Souza Mata Mato Catelhano Mato Leitao Mato Queimado Maximiliano de Almeida Minas do Leao Maraguai Monteuri Monte Alegre dos Campos Monte Belo do Sul Montenegro Mormaço Mormaco Morrinhos do Sul Morro Redondo Morro Reuter Mostarda(s) Mucum Muçum Muitos Capoes Muliterno Nao-Me_Toque Nicolau Vargueiro Nonoai Nova Alvorada Nova Araca Araça Nova Bassano Nova Boa Vista Nova Brescia Nova Candelaria Nova Esperança do Sul Nova Hartz Nova Padua Nova Palma Nova Petropolis Nova Prata Nova Ramada Nova Roma do Sul Nova Santa Rita Novo Barreiro Novo Cabrais Novo Hamburgo Novo Machado Novo Tiradentes Novo Xingu Osorio Paim Filho Palmares do Sul Palmeira das Missoes Palmitinho Panambi Pantano Grande Parai Paraiso do Sul Pareci Novo Parobe Passa Sete 7 Passo do Sobrado Passo Fundo Paulo Bento Paverama Pedras Altas Pedro Osorio Pejuçara Pejucara Pelotas Picada Cafe Piçada Pinhal Pinhal da serra Pinhal Grande Pinheirinho do Vale Pinheiro Machado Pinto Bandeira Pirapo Piratini Planalto Poço das Antas Pontao Ponte Preta Portao Porto Alegre Porto Lucena Porto Maua Porto Vera Cruz Porto Xavier Pouso Novo Presidente Lucena Progresso Protasio Alves Putinga Quarai 4 Quatro Irmaos Quevedos Quinze de Novembro Redentora Relvado Restinga Seca Rio dos Indios Rio Grande Rio Pardo Riozinho Roca Roça Sales Rodeio Bonito Rolador Rolante Ronda Alta honda Rondinha Roque Gonzales Rosario do Sul Sagrada Familia Saldanha Marinho Salto do Jacui Jaçui Salvador das Missoes Salvador do Sul Sanaduva Santa Baraba do Sul Santa Cecilia do Sul Santa Clara do Sul Santa Cruz do Sul Santa Margarida do Sul Santa Maria Santa maria do Herval Santa Rosa Santa Tereza Santa Vitoria do Palmar Santana da Boa Vista Santana do Livremento Santiago Santo Angelo Santo antonio da Patrulha Santo Antonio das Missoes Santo Antonio do Palma Santo Antonio do Planalto Santo Augusto Santo Cristo Santo Expedito do sul Sao Borja Sao Domingos do sul Sao Francisco de Assis Sao Francisco de Paula Sao Grabriel Sao Jeronimo Sao Joao da Urtiga Sao Joao do Polesine Sao Jorge Sao Jose das Missoes Sao Jose do Herval Sao Jose do Hortencio Sao Jose do Inhacora Sao Jose do Norte Sao Jose do Ouro Sao jose do Sul Sao Jose dos Ausentes Sao Leopoldo Sao Lourenço do sul Sao Luiz Gonzaga Sao Marcos Sao Martinho Sao Martinho da Serra Sao Miguel das Missoes Sao Nicolau Sao Paulo das Missoes São Pedro da serra Sao Pedro das Missoes Sao Pedro do Butia Sao Pedro Sul Sao Sebastiao do Cai çai Sao Sepe São Valentim Sao Valentim do Sul Sao Valerio do Sul Sao Vedelino Sao Vicente do Sul Sapiranga Sapucaia Sapuçaia do Sul Sarandi Saberi Sede Nova Segredo Selbach Senador Salgado filho Sentinela do Sul Serafina Correa Serio Sertao Sertao Santana Sete de Setembro Severiano de Almeida Silveira Martins Sinimbu Sobradinho Soledade Tabai Tapejara Tapera Tapes Taquara Taquari Taquaruçu do sul Taquarucu Tavares tenente Portela Terra de Areia Teotonia Tio Hugo Tiradente do Sul Toropi Torres Tramandai Travesseiro 3 Tres Arroios Tres Cachoeiras Tres Coroas Tres de Maio Tres Forquilhas Tres Palmeiras Tres Passos Trindade do sul Triunfo Tucunduva Tuçunduva Tunas Tupanci do Sul Tupancireta Tupandi Tuparendi Turucu Turuçu Ubiretama Uniao da Serra Unistalda Uruguaiana vacaria Vaçaria Vale do Sol Vale Real Vale Verde vanini Venancio Aires Vera cruz Veranopolis Vespasiano Correa Viadutos Viamao Vicente Dutra Victor Graeff Vila Flores Vila Langaro Vila Maria Vila Nova do Sul Vista Alegre Vista Alegre do Prata Vista Gaucha Vitoria das Missoes Westfalia Xangri-la

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Rio Grande do Sul
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Statistics
Capital: Porto Alegre
Area: 282,062 km²
Inhabitants: 10,167,800 (2000)
Pop. density: 36.0 inh./km²
Timezone: GMT-3
Governor: Germano Antonio Rigotto
ISO 3166-2: BR-RS
Map
Map of Brazil highlighting the state

Rio Grande do Sul is the southernmost state in Brazil. It is bordered on the north by the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina, on the east by the Atlantic Ocean, on the south by Uruguay, and on the west by Argentina.
Contents [showhide]
1 History
2 Main cities
3 Minority Languages

3.1 Indigenous languages
3.2 Immigrant languages
4 Economy
5 Flag
6 External links
[edit]

History

Although mainly rural for much of its early history, Rio Grande do Sul served as the launching pad for several major wars Brazil waged against its southern and western neighbors. It also was a focal point for internal rebellion in the 19th century. Getulio Vargas, who led Brazil as dictator from 1930 and later was elected president in 1950 (before committing suicide), was a native of Rio Grande do Sul.

The Rio Grande do Sul's praires ahs been place of bloodies wars: the dispute between Portugal and Spain for the Sacramento Colony, the Guarani Reduciones War , the War of Tatters, the Federalist Revolution, the Maurers Revolt, and the Vargas's levant.

Rio Grande do Sul's population consists primarily of the descendants of European immigrants, especially Portuguese, Italians, Spaniards, and Germans but to a much smaller extent, very small groups of Poles, Russians, Lithuanians, Ukrainians, Jews and later on in the 1960s, some Japanese immigrants settled in different areas of the state.

The first German immigrant families arrived in Rio Grande do Sul in 1824 at São Leopoldo town and in the following century an estimated quarter of a million Germans settled in the country, mostly in Rio Grande do Sul and the neighboring state of Santa Catarina.

Most of the German speakers in southern Brazil spoke or eventually adopted the Hunsrückisch dialect so that it became the most commonly used German dialect in this part of the world and still spoken by millions today (also referred to as Riograndenser Hunsrückisch to differentiated it from the Hunsrückisch spoken in Germany).

In its 180 years of history Riograndenser Hunsrückisch has been greatly influenced by other German dialects (such as Pomeranian, Pfälzisch) and by immigrant languages such as the national language, Portuguese but also to some degree by Italian.

Talian is a uniquely Brazilian variety of Italian not spoken anywhere else in the world. The emergence of Talian in Rio Grande do Sul happened because of the great variety of Italian dialects that came together into a fairly compact and specific geographical location of the state. Talian is frequently called Vêneto because it is close to the Venetian language spoken in Italy's Veneto region.

Italian immigrants began arriving in the area in the late 1800, settling mostly in the Northeast hilly parts of the Rio Grande do Sul. Soon the region became the most important grape and wine-producing region of Brazil. Although the climate does not favor the production of the finest wines, in the last few years great progress has been made, especially with white sparkling wines.

All minority languages in the southern Brazil have been experiencing significant degrees of decline in the last few decades, not only immigrant languages such as Italian or Talian and German, but also the indigenous languages of the Kaingang (also spelled Kaingáng, Cainguangue, etc.) and the Guarany (spelled Guaraní in Portuguese).

In the far western area of the state are the remnants of Brazil's 17th century Jesuit missions or reductions (aldeias) to the Guaraní Indians. Important to the region, it should be notited that Jesuit Father Roque Gonzales also known as Roque Gonzales de Santa Cruz arrived from Paraguay on the 03 of May of 1626 to establish the Saint Nicolas Mission Reduction (today known as São Nicolau in Portuguese) was the first white person to enter in what is today know as the state of Rio Grande do Sul. From all the ruines left behind by the vanished Guarany Missions (or Missões Guaranís in Portuguese), the most significant one is São Miguel or São Miguel Arcanjo, located nearby the present city of Santo Angelo. There is a very interesting ongoing Light and Sound (or Som e Luz in Portuguese) nightly show that happens at and is displayed upon the ruins of the São Miguel church.
[edit]

Main cities

Porto Alegre (also the state capital), Caxias do Sul, Pelotas, Canoas, São Leopoldo, Novo Hamburgo, Santa Maria, Rio Grande, Passo Fundo, Santa Cruz do Sul, Gravataí, Bento Gonçalves.
[edit]

Minority Languages

Minority languages spoken in Rio Grande do Sul can be divided into two groups:
[edit]

Indigenous languages

Mbyá-Guaraní (or simply Guaraní), Kaingang, etc.
[edit]

Immigrant languages

Talian (Vêneto/Italian), Riograndenser Hunsrückisch, Plattdeutsch, Pommeranisch (German dialects), Polish (and other Slavic languages), etc.
[edit]

Economy

One of the most prosperous Brazilian states, Rio Grande do Sul is known especially for grain production, viticulture, ranching, and for its considerable industrial output. Natives of the state are known as gaúchos, named after the cattle herders and ranchers who settled the state's pampa regions.
[edit]

Flag
Flag of Rio Grande do Sul

The flag was established by law no. 5213 of January 5, 1966, however its design dates back much more. The independent Rio Grande Republic adopted the flag in 1836, in 1891 the shield in the center was added. According to the common interpretion of the flag colors the green and yellow stands for the Flag of Brazil and the red for the blood spilt during the internal rebellion for the independent Rio Grande Republic.
[edit]

External links

* Official homepage (Portuguese)

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